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7-8th Year2 Quarter 3 toc

** Year 2 Quarter 3 **

Unit 5: New Nation
1. U.S. shifted governing from a loosely organized system characterized by strong state rights to a federal system. 2. Civic participation in a democratic society embraces the ideal that an individual actively engages in his or her community, state or nation for the common good. 3. The purpose of government in the United States is to establish order, protect the rights of individuals and to promote the common good. 4. Governments may be organized in different ways and have limited or unlimited powers. |||| **Essential Questions:** 1. How did the U.S. Constitution resolve the problems that existed under the Articles of Confederation? 2. How did the actions of early Presidency help establish a strong federal government and set up a peaceful transition of power and repel foreign invasions? 3. How can civic groups influence law makers and shape laws? 4. What role did/does media play in public opinion? 5. What core principles in the U.S. Constitution provide for a balance of power in the federal system? 6. How does the U.S. Constitution protect citizens’ rights? || (8.7) Problems arising under the Articles of Confederation led to debate over the adoption of the U.S. Constitution.
 * ** Unit 5: A New Nation **  ||
 * **Big Ideas:**
 * **Strands and Content Statements** ||||  **Student Expectations**  ||  **Key Concepts & Vocabulary**  ||
 * **__History__**

(8.8) Actions of early presidential administrations established a strong federal government, provided peaceful transitions to power and repelled a foreign invasion. |||| **__History__** (8.7)Explain how the problems arising under the Articles of Confederation led to debate over the adoption of the U.S. Constitution.

(8.8)Explain how the actions of early presidential administrations established a strong federal government, provided peaceful transitions to power and repelled a foreign invasion. || __U.S. Constitution:__ compromises -Federalist papers -Anti-Federalist papers -Bill of Rights __Influence of media:__ -mail delivery -telegraph -Print: e.g. Common Sense, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, The Liberator

__Governmental structure__:

__Power divisions__: central/territorial, national/state Representative democracy: elected officials

__Separation of powers__: -3 branches: legislative, executive, judicial -Checks & balances -Presidential veto -Senate approved presidential appointments -Independence of Supreme Court justices who hold their offices “during good behavior” ||

Unit 5: continued
-peaceful transitions between leadership -rights of citizens are protected by limiting the powers of the government -prohibits the federal government from passing bills of attainder or ex post facto laws and from suspending writs of habeas corpus
 * ** Unit 5: A New Nation, cont’d ** ||
 * **Big Ideas:** see above ||||  **Essential Questions:** see above  ||
 * **Strands and Content Statements** ||||  **Student Expectations**  ||  **Key Concepts & Vocabulary**  ||
 * ||||  || __Separation of Powers:__

__Actions of the early presidents:__ National Bank Whiskey Rebellion Jay Treaty Navy Maintain Neutrality Louisiana Purchase War 1812 Border Treaties Monroe Doctrine ||
 * Washington**
 * Adams**
 * Jefferson**
 * Madison**
 * Monroe**

1. Addition of new territories, economic and industrial development contributed to the growth of sectionalism. 2. Geographic tools are used to show relationships among people, places and environments. 3. The growth, distribution and movements of people are driving forces behind human and physical events. |||| **Essential Questions:** 1. How did adding new territories to the United States lead to our economic development and division between states? 2. What consequences resulted from the unbridled consumption of natural resources? 3. How does the movement of people, products, and ideas impact political and economic development? || (8.9)The United States added to its territory through treaties and purchases.
 * === **Unit 6: Expansion**  === ||
 * **Big Ideas:**
 * **Strands and Content Statements** ||||  **Student Expectations**  ||  **Key Concepts & Vocabulary**  ||
 * **__History__**

(8.10)Westward expansion contributed to economic and industrial development, debates over sectional issues, war with Mexico and displacement of American Indians.

(8.13) Modern and historical maps and other geographic tools are used to analyze how historic events are shaped by geography.
 * __Geography__**

(8.14) The availability of natural resources contributed to the geographic and economic expansion of the United States, sometimes resulting in unintended environmental consequences.

(8. 15) The movement of people, products and ideas resulted in new patterns of settlement and land use that influenced the political and economic development of the United States. |||| **__History__** (8.9) Describe how the United States added to its territory through treaties and purchases.

(8.10) Explain how westward expansion contributed to economic and industrial development, debates over sectional issues, war with Mexico and displacement of American Indians.

(8.13) Analyze the ways in which historical events are shaped by geography using modern and historical maps and other geographic tools.
 * __Geography__**

(8.14) Analyze how the availability of natural resources contributed to the geographic and economic expansion of the United States. Explain how this sometimes resulted in unintended environmental consequences.

(8.15) Describe the movement of people, products and ideas that resulted in new patterns of settlement and land use and analyze its impact on the political and economic development of the United States. || __Expand territory, establish borders, purchases__: -France- Louisiana Purchase -Mexico- Gadsden Purchase -Russia- Alaska

-__Treaties:__ Spain Great Britain Mexico

__Geographic tools:__ -GPS -GIS -internet-based mapping applications -aerial & other photographs -remote sensing images -modern & historical maps ||

Unit 6: continued
3. The growth, distribution and movements of people are driving forces behind human and physical events. 4. Civic participation in a democratic society embraces the ideal that an individual actively engages in his or her community, state or nation for the common good. |||| **Essential Question:** 4. Describe the democratic ideals on which our National Identity is based. 5. How can civic groups influence law makers and the transformation of a society? || (8.17) Americans began to develop a common national identity among its diverse regional and cultural populations based on democratic Ideals.
 * ** Unit 6: Expansion, cont’d ** ||
 * **Big Ideas:**
 * **Strands and Content Statements** ||||  **Student Expectations**  ||  **Key Concepts & Vocabulary**  ||
 * **__Geography, cont’d__**

(8.18) Participation in social and civic groups can lead to the attainment of individual and public goals. |||| **__Geography, cont’d__** (8.17) Identify the developments that helped bring about a common national identity for Americans and describe the democratic ideals around which that identity is based.
 * __Government__**

(8.18) Explain how participation in social and civic groups can lead to the attainment of individual and public goals. || __Immigration:__ -Assimilation -American ideals
 * __Government__**

__Social & civic groups (gov’t participation):__ -American Temperance Society (reduce alcohol consumption) -National Trades’ Union (improve working conditions) -Sons of Liberty (protest British colonial policies) -American Anti-Slavery Society (emancipate slaves) ||

Unit 7: Sectionalism
1. Sectional differences divided the North and South; war and resulting Reconstruction had significant consequences. |||| **Essential Questions:** 1. How did sectional issues lead to civil war in the U.S.? 2. Describe how reconstruction period resulted in changes to the U.S. Constitution. || (8.11)Disputes over the nature of federalism, complicated by economic developments in the U.S. resulted in sectional issues, including slavery, eventually leading to the American Civil War. |||| **History** (8.11)Distinguish among the positions of the sections of the United States on sectional issues of the 1820’s through the 1850’s.
 * ** Unit 7: Civil War and Reconstruction ** (sectional issues)  ||
 * **Big Idea:**
 * **Strands and Content Statements** ||||  **Student Expectations**  ||  **Key Concepts & Vocabulary**  ||
 * **History**

Illustrate how disputes over the nature of federalism fed into sectional issues and helped lead to the American Civil War. || Federal vs. State __ Economic choices: __ - Louisiana Purchase -Textile mills; water power -Ferry or toll bridge -Imposing tariffs __National Bank__ -North: finance new business ventures & facilitate commerce -West distrusted banks & hardships in obtaining loans __Sectional Issues, State’s Rights:__ -North: high tax to protect businesses, avoid competition from foreigners -South: low tax to keep costs low, imported manufactured products

__Government Programs__ - West: infrastructure improvement (roads, canals) - South: benefit for only North and West

__Sale of public lands__ -West: favored cheap lands to attract people west -North: generate income ||

Unit 7: Reconstruction
1. Sectional differences divided the North and South; war and resulting Reconstruction had significant consequences. |||| **Essential Question:** 1. How did sectional issues lead to civil war in the U.S.? 2. Describe how reconstruction period resulted in changes to the U.S. Constitution. || (8.12)The Reconstruction period resulted in changes to the U.S. Constitution, an affirmation of federal authority and lingering social and political differences. |||| **History** (8.12)Describe how the Reconstruction period resulted in changes to the U.S. Constitution, an affirmation of federal authority, and lingering social and political differences. || __Slavery: Compromise 1850__ -South: vital to agriculture and favored extension into the west, cotton (tobacco?) -North :objected as morally wrong and opposed extension west
 * ** Unit 7: Civil War and Reconstruction ** (Civil War & Reconstruction)  ||
 * **Big Idea:**
 * **Strands and Content Statements** ||||  **Student Expectations**  ||  **Key Concepts & Vocabulary**  ||
 * **History**

__Consequences of slavery Southern perspective:__ -cotton, tobacco, rice -depletion of soil nutrients -plantation system dependent upon slave labor

__Consequences of slavery Northern perspective:__ -forest & wildlife led to industrialization -different labor practices

South seceded asserting state’s rights

__Issues:__ - state’s rights vs. federal union -continuation of slavery

__Results:__ -Victory for the federal union - Military reconstruction -Emancipated slaves -KKK - Reconstruction -13th, 14th 15th amendments ||

Unit 7: Westward
1. The growth, distribution and movements of people are driving forces behind human and physical events. 2. Analyzing costs and benefits, collecting and organizing economic evidence and proposing alternatives to economic problems 3. Production is the act of combining resources to make goods and services. Consumption is the use of goods and services. |||| **Essential Question:** 1. What was the impact of the Westward migration? 2. How do choices made by individuals, businesses and governments have both present and future consequences ? 3. How did the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th and early 19th centuries change the means of production? || (8.14) The availability of natural resources contributed to the geographic and economic expansion of the United States, sometimes resulting in unintended environmental consequences.
 * ** Unit 7: Civil War and Reconstruction ** (westward migration)  ||
 * **Big Idea:**
 * **Strands and Content Statements** ||||  **Student Expectations**  ||  **Key Concepts & Vocabulary**  ||
 * **Geography**

(8.22)Choices made by individuals, businesses and governments have both present and future consequences
 * Economics**

(8.23)The Industrial Revolution fundamentally changed the means of production as a result of improvements in technology, use of new power resources, the advent of interchangeable parts and the shift from craftwork to factory work. |||| **Geography** (8.14) Analyze how the availability of natural resources contributed to the geographic and economic expansion of the United States. Explain how this sometimes resulted in unintended environmental consequences

(8.22) Analyze how choices made by individuals, businesses and governments have both present and future consequences.
 * Economics**

(8.23)Analyze how the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th and early 19th centuries changed the means of production. || __Impact of westward migration:__ -stagnant water/ disease - railroad engines/ prairie fires. -farm destroyed native vegetation & hindered animal grazing

__1st Industrial Revolution__: -spurred economic growth --improvement in technology -use of new power sources (steam engine, cotton gin, etc)

__Craft to Factory production__: -development of interchangeable parts -mass production techniques ||